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  • Skunks spray volatile compounds from their anal sacs if they feel threatened by a potential predator such as a dog. If sprayed in the face your dog may need veterinary care, as corneal damage can occur if sprayed in the eyes, and vomiting, diarrhea, or anemia can result if sprayed in the mouth.

  • Slippery elm is given by mouth and is used over the counter to treat cough and stomach upset in dogs and cats. Give as directed by your veterinarian.

  • Smectite (Bio-Sponge®) is an intestinal support supplement used in various animal species, including dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and small ruminants. It has adsorbent properties may help bind toxins, bacteria, viruses, and free-radicals in the intestinal tract.

  • Smoke inhalation injuries are caused by a combination of heat and airborne toxins. Clinical signs of smoke inhalation vary, depending on the materials contained within the smoke and how much smoke the cat inhales. Common signs include coughing, shortness of breath, eye injuries, and burns. Neurologic signs can also occur, especially in cases of carbon monoxide inhalation. Treatment typically involves oxygen therapy and other supportive care measures.

  • Smoke inhalation injuries are caused by a combination of heat and airborne toxins. Clinical signs of smoke inhalation vary, depending on the materials contained within the smoke and how much smoke the dog inhales. Common signs include coughing, shortness of breath, eye injuries, and burns. Neurologic signs can also occur, especially in cases of carbon monoxide inhalation. Treatment typically involves oxygen therapy and other supportive care measures.

  • The most common venomous snakes in North America include rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths, and coral snakes. Clinical signs vary, but generally there is extensive swelling that often spreads rapidly. Venomous snakebites are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention.

  • Colubrids are snakes in the Colubridae family, the largest grouping of snakes. Most colubrid snakes are harmless, although they can all bite. Some colubrids are small, insectivorous species. Larger species include racers and indigo snakes. Most colubrid snakes sold at pet stores make excellent pets.

  • While there are many species of pythons and boas, those noted here are among the easiest to keep. However, constrictor snakes, like the very large, reticulated python, can be dangerous in the hands of an inexperienced keeper, while others, such as the royal python, can be frustrating because of their long periods of not eating.

  • Snakes are carnivores. Some eat warm-blooded prey (rodents, rabbits, birds), while others eat insects, amphibians, eggs, other reptiles, fish, earthworms, or slugs. This handout answers some common questions about feeding snakes.

  • Proper housing is essential for the health and safety of pet snakes. Use the largest cage possible; bedding, lighting and heat sources will differ depending on the species and size of your snake. This handout outlines the basic requirements for a comfortable snake environment.