Superoxide Dismutase

What is superoxide dismutase? 

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant that may be used as a joint health supplement or liver support supplement in dogs, cats, and horses. It is believed to have mild anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce pain and discomfort, as well as increase mobility in the joints. It is often used in conjunction with other supplements as a combination product for the treatment or prevention of arthritis in animals.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not review non-drug health supplements (e.g., herbals, nutraceuticals, shampoos, and other supplements) for safety or effectiveness before they are sold to the public. Manufacturers of non-drug health supplements must ensure their supplements are safe and labeled accurately. The FDA requires that these non-pharmaceuticals contain a disclaimer that says, “This supplement is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” 

Health Canada licenses “veterinary health supplements” after reviewing safety, efficacy, and manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. These supplements are not tested by Health Canada.

Your veterinarian is the best source of information about the safety of non-drug health supplements in pets. Just because a supplement is natural does not mean it is safe. All medicines and medicinal plants are potentially toxic if used inappropriately or given at high doses. Supplements can also have side effects, like pharmaceuticals. Few supplements and herbs have been subjected to rigorous scientific trials to determine their efficacy. 

Although the information in this handout may be helpful, it may also be incomplete and may not represent the full range of effects the supplement could have on your pet.

How do I give my pet superoxide dismutase?

• Superoxide dismutase is given orally. It is most often found as one of the ingredients in a joint support formula. 
• Various oral formats are available, including powders, capsules, and tablets. 
• Follow the label instructions and give the correct amount for your pet’s weight.
• Superoxide dismutase can be given with or without food. 
• Ideally, take this supplement at the same time every day.

This supplement may take several days to have an effect on the body and visible signs of improvement are not always noted.

What if I miss giving my pet the supplement?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once. 

Are there any potential side effects from superoxide dismutase?

Joint supplement products containing superoxide dismutase may cause the following side effects:

• Mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea
• A slight decrease in blood clotting function (platelets)

Sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment.

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This supplement should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease. 

Are there any risk factors for this supplement?

DO NOT USE superoxide dismutase in:

• Pets that are allergic to the product or any of the ingredients in this product

USE WITH CAUTION in:

• Pregnant or breeding animals (safety has not been established)

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

The following medications should NOT BE USED when given with superoxide dismutase:

• Aspirin, heparin, warfarin, or any other drugs that can influence platelet function or blood clotting

Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any treatment, due to risk of overdosing and toxicities when giving multiple supplements.

Is any monitoring needed with this supplement?

• Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations regarding when your pet needs to be rechecked and what tests may need to be performed before and during treatment with this supplement. 
• If your pet is being treated at home, monitor it closely for any changes, including improvements or side effects such as those noted above. Contact your veterinarian with any changes.

How do I store superoxide dismutase?

• Store at room temperature.
• Ensure bottles are tightly sealed and secured inside a cabinet to prevent accidental ingestion.
• Store in a cool dry place away from sunlight. 
• Keep out of reach of children.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the supplement, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet’s weight and symptoms. Report any adverse effects to the FDA or Health Canada.