Library
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Polymyxin B/miconazole/prednisolone otic (brand name Surolan), is a combination antibacterial (polymyxin B), antifungal (miconazole), and anti-inflammatory steroid (prednisolone) ear drop medication. It is used to treat ear infections in cats and dogs. It is used “off label” or “extra-label” in species other than cats and dogs and to treat conditions other than ear infections. Polymyxin B/miconazole/prednisolone otic comes in an otic suspension form.
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Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan is an injectable disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) used to treat non-infectious and traumatic arthritis in dogs. It is also used off-label in cats and small mammals.
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Pomeranians are small companion dogs known for their bold personality, dense coat, and alert nature. This lively, intelligent breed descended from larger Spitz-type working dogs. They do best with routine, attention, and early training to manage barking and possessive behavior.
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Ponazuril is given by mouth and is used on and off label to treat protozoal parasites in several animal species. Side effects are uncommon but may include soft stools.
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Porcupine quills can puncture the skin and move through muscle, ultimately penetrating into body cavities and internal organs. They contain barbs like fishhooks and tend to migrate inwards instead of being expelled. Do not cut quills or attempt to remove the quills yourself. Seek immediate veterinary care if your dog is quilled. Sedation or anesthesia is required to remove quills safely.
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A portosystemic shunt causes a bypass of blood from the gastrointestinal tract directly into the systemic circulation, avoiding the normal detoxifying process that happens in the liver and reducing nutrient input into the liver. Liver shunts can be congenital or acquired. Signs, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.
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Guarding desired items can be a normal behavior in dogs, but when it escalates, the safety of both people and animals is compromised. Exercises to prevent and reverse guarding behavior can be beneficial to any dog. Professional guidance is needed for any dog who repeatedly conflicts with people or pets because of guarding behavior.
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When your dog comes home after an operation, you must take special care to ensure he remains indoors with restricted activity and cannot lick or chew at his incision site. Monitor your dog for abnormal signs and contact your veterinarian if you see any.
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Potassium citrate is used in dogs and cats to increase urine pH and prevent the formation of calcium oxalate bladder stones, uric acid bladder stones, and kidney stones. It may also be used in patients with kidney disease to treat low potassium levels and to prevent the blood and urine from becoming too acidic.
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Potassium salts are given by mouth or injection and are primarily used off label to treat low blood potassium levels. Common side effects include nausea or discomfort.